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Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Coordinates: 02°44′36″N 101°41′53″E / 2.74333°N 101.69806°E / 2.74333; 101.69806
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For other uses, see Kuala Lumpur International Airport (disambiguation).

Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerKhazanah Nasional
OperatorMalaysia Airports
ServesGreater Kuala Lumpur
LocationSepang, Selangor, Malaysia
Opened27 June 1998; 26 years ago (1998-06-27)
Hub for
Operating base for
Time zoneMST (UTC+08:00)
Elevation AMSL21 m / 70 ft
Coordinates02°44′36″N 101°41′53″E / 2.74333°N 101.69806°E / 2.74333; 101.69806
Websiteairports.malaysiaairports.com.my
Maps
KUL/WMKK is located in Selangor
KUL/WMKK
KUL/WMKK
Location in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
KUL/WMKK is located in Malaysia
KUL/WMKK
KUL/WMKK
KUL/WMKK (Malaysia)
KUL/WMKK is located in Southeast Asia
KUL/WMKK
KUL/WMKK
KUL/WMKK (Southeast Asia)
KUL/WMKK is located in Asia
KUL/WMKK
KUL/WMKK
KUL/WMKK (Asia)
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
14L/32R 4,124 13,530 Asphalt
14R/32L 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
15/33 3,960 12,992 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passengers47,224,000 (Increase85.9%)
Domestic passengers14,664,000 (Increase31.8%)
International passengers32,560,000 (Increase128.1%)
Aircraft movements319,026 (Increase 60.9%)
Cargo (tonnes)660,040 (Increase 30.7%)(2022)
Sources: MAHB[1]

Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) (IATA: KUL, ICAO: WMKK) is the main international airport serving Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. It is located in the Sepang District of Selangor, approximately 45 km (28 mi) south of downtown Kuala Lumpur and serves the city's greater conurbation.

Kuala Lumpur International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Malaysia and is recognised as a mega hub. In 2023, it handled 47.2 million passengers, 980,040 tonnes of cargo and 819,026 aircraft movements, ranking as the 35th-busiest airport by total passenger traffic.

As of 2024, Kuala Lumpur International Airport has become the second most connected airport globally, according to the OAG Megahub Index, following London-Heathrow. Other airports in the top five included Tokyo–Haneda, Amsterdam and Seoul–Incheon.[2]

The airport is operated by Malaysia Airports (MAHB) Sepang Sdn Bhd and is the major hub of Malaysia Airlines, MASkargo, Batik Air Malaysia, UPS Airlines and World Cargo Airlines, and the major operating base of AirAsia and AirAsia X.

History

[edit]

Background

[edit]

The groundbreaking ceremony for Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) took place on 1 June 1993[3] when the government under Mahathir Mohamad decided that the existing Kuala Lumpur airport, then known as Subang International Airport (now Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport) could not handle future demand. The construction of the airport was done mainly by a few state owned construction companies as well as Ekovest Berhad – helmed by Tan Sri Datuk Lim Kang Hoo. It was created as part of the Multimedia Super Corridor, a grand development plan for Malaysia. The chief architect who designed the new airport terminal was the Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa.[4]

Upon KLIA's completion, Subang Airport's Terminal 1 building was demolished. Malaysia Airports agreed to redevelop the remaining Terminal 3 to create a specialist airport for turboprop and charter planes surrounded by a residential area and a business park.[5] The IATA airport code KUL was transferred from Subang Airport, which currently handles only turboprop aircraft, general aviation and military aircraft.

Current site

[edit]

The airport's site spans 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi) 2[6] of former agricultural land and is one of the world's largest airport sites. An ambitious three-phase development plan anticipates KLIA to have three runways and two terminals each with two satellite terminals.[7] Phase One involved the construction of the main terminal and one satellite terminal, giving a capacity of 25 million passengers, and two full service runways. The Phase One airport had 60 contact piers, 20 remote parking bays with 80 aircraft parking positions, four maintenance hangars and fire stations. Phase Two, designed to increase capacity to 35 million passengers per year, is largely complete. Phase Three is anticipated to increase capacity to 100 million passengers per year.[7]

Grand opening

[edit]

Kuala Lumpur International Airport was officially inaugurated by the tenth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Tuanku Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan, on 27 June 1998 at 20:30 MST. The first domestic arrival was Malaysia Airlines flight MH1263 from Kuantan at 07:10 MST. The first international arrival was Malaysia Airlines flight MH188 from Malé at 07:30 MST. The first domestic departure was Malaysia Airlines flight MH1432 to Langkawi at 07:20 MST; the first international departure was Malaysia Airlines flight MH84 to Beijing at 09:00 MST.[8]

Inauguration

[edit]

The inauguration of the airport was marked with numerous problems. The aerobridge and bay allocation systems broke down, with queues building up throughout the airport and the baggage handling breaking down. Bags were lost, and there were waits of over five to seven hours.[9] Most of these issues were remedied eventually, though the baggage handling system was plagued with problems until it was put up for a complete replacement tender in 2007.

The airport suffered greatly reduced traffic with the general reduction in economic activity brought about by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, September 11 attacks, SARS, bird flu epidemic (Avian flu), the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the 2009 swine flu pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic. The airport is also largely overshadowed by the more internationally renowned Changi Airport located approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) to the southeast in Singapore, especially in regards to connecting flights by various airlines or Malaysians especially living in the southern parts of the country (e.g. Johor) preferring to travel via Changi rather than at KLIA.

The first year of opening immediately saw reduction of passenger numbers as some airlines, including All Nippon Airways (resumed on 1 September 2015), British Airways (reinstated on 28 May 2015 until 28 March 2021[10]), Lufthansa (resumed between 28 March 2004[11] until 28 February 2016)[12] and Northwest Airlines, terminated their loss-making services to KLIA. KLIA's first full year of operations in 1999, in its Phase One manifestation (capacity of 25 million passengers per year), saw only 13.2 million passengers.[13] Passenger numbers eventually increased to 21.1 million in 2004 and 47 million in 2013[14] — though short of the originally estimated 25 million passengers per year by 2003.

Rebranding

[edit]

On 9 February 2023, transport minister Anthony Loke Siew Fook announced that the government and MAHB had agreed to rebrand KLIA and klia2 to KLIA Terminal 1 and KLIA Terminal 2 respectively.[15] The costs associated with the rebranding will be fully borne by MAHB.[16]

Runways

[edit]
Airport layout

Kuala Lumpur International Airport has three parallel runways (14L/32R; 14R/32L; 15/33[17]).

The current three runway system is capable of handling 78 landings per hour and was expected to increase to 108 landings per hour once upgrading of the Kuala Lumpur Flight Information Region had been completed in 2019.[18] These runways operate on different departure/arrival modes according to the air traffic requirements.[19]

Operations and infrastructure

[edit]
Main article: Operations and infrastructure of Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Kuala Lumpur International Airport features a number of modern design features that assist in the efficient operation of the airport. It is one of the first Asia Pacific airports to become 100% Bar Coded Boarding Pass capable.[20] Malaysia Airlines;[21] AirAsia;[22] MASkargo, a cargo airline;[23] and Malaysia Airports, the Malaysian Airports operator and manager; are headquartered on the property of KLIA.[24] Malaysia Airlines also operates its Flight Management Building at KLIA.[25]

Infrastructure
Terminal Opened Floor area Handling capacity Parking bays
Terminal 1
(Main Terminal Building 1 & Contact Pier) 		27 June 1998 336,000 m2 (3,620,000 sq ft) 5 million passengers per year 20 (aerobridge)
23 (remote)
Terminal 1
(Satellite Terminal A) 		27 June 1998 143,404 m2 (1,543,590 sq ft) 20 million passengers per year 26 (aerobridge)
15 (remote)
Terminal 2 1 May 2014 257,845 m2 (2,775,420 sq ft) 45 million passengers per year 68 (aerobridge)
10 (remote)
Bunga Raya Complex 27 June 1998
Total - 737,249 m2 (7,935,680 sq ft) 70 million passengers per year 114 (aerobridge)
48 (remote)

Terminals

[edit]

Kuala Lumpur International Airport comprises two main terminals: the original terminal, Terminal 1, previously known simply as "KLIA"; and the newer Terminal 2 (formerly KLIA2). Terminal 1 was designed by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa, who also designed the Domestic Terminal (T2) at Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport, with an emphasis of natural lighting within the airport complex. Spanning 38.4m along a grid pattern allowing for future expansions, the abstract symbolic architecture by the late Kisho Kurokawa encompasses the Islamic geometry and cutting-edge technology with the tropical rainforest in mind.[26]

KLIA Terminal 1

[edit]
The check-in counters at KLIA Terminal 1.

Main Terminal Building

[edit]

The KLIA Main Terminal Building (MTB) now also referred to as KLIA Main is located in between the two runways. The floor area of the terminal covers 390,000 m2 (4,200,000 sq ft) and the building consists of 39 square roof units, which enables future expansion of the building. There are a total of 216 check-in counters, located in 6 different islands, identified by the letters A – M (excluding I). Multi check-in services are available, designed for the use of all passengers arriving, departing or in transit. Self check in facilities are available in this airport since 2007,[27][28] and KLM was the first airline to use the Common-use self-service kiosks. The contact pier is an extension of the main terminal building with gates marked with prefix A and B for domestic departures, G and H for international flights. The gate allocation is based on operational requirements, although it has been observed that Malaysia Airlines has been operating most of its operations out from the contact pier.

Malaysia Airlines at Contact Pier

Satellite Terminal A

[edit]

The 176,000 square metres (1,890,000 sq ft) satellite building accommodates international flights departing and arriving at KLIA T1. Passengers taking flights parked at the satellite terminal are transported by bus from the main terminal; as of March 2023, the Aerotrain that connects this building with the main terminal has been suspended for repairs and rolling stock replacement.

There is a wide array of duty-free shops and prestige brand boutiques in the satellite building. This includes international brands such as Burberry, Harrods, Montblanc, Salvatore Ferragamo, and Hermes. Among all international labels available within the terminal, some boutiques such as Harrods are only available in the airport. A number of restaurants and international airlines' lounges are available as well as an Airside Transit Hotel.

Interior of the Satellite Terminal

Within the terminal, wireless internet (Wi-Fi) is provided free of charge. The terminal also has prayer rooms, showers and massage service. Various lounge areas are provided, some including children's play areas and movie lounge, broadcasting movie and sport channels.[29] The terminal also features a natural rainforest in the middle of the terminal, exhibiting the Malaysian rainforests.

Under Malaysia Airports Berhad retail optimisation plan, the retail space in satellite terminal A will be further optimised to increase its revenue derived from commercial space rental and a percentage of sale receipts to 50% by year 2010 which currently stands at 35%. Some notable improvements that will be seen after the refurbishments will be the Jungle Boardwalk[30] which will be the first of its kind in the world and larger mezzanine floor to accommodate F&B outlets and viewing galleries.[31]

The gates in Satellite Terminal A have the prefix C. The Satellite A terminal has 27 boarding gates altogether.[32]

KL City Air Terminal

[edit]

KL City Air Terminal, sometimes known as Kuala Lumpur City Air Terminal or KL CAT, located at KL Sentral, is a virtual extension of KL International Airport where city check-in services are provided. KL City Air Terminal is recognised by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and carries the IATA designation XKL. Currently there are only three airlines providing city check-in services: Cathay Pacific, Malaysia Airlines and Batik Air Malaysia.[33]

KLIA Terminal 2 (formerly known as KLIA2)

[edit]
Bird's eye view of Terminal 2

Built at a cost of approximately RM4 billion, it is the largest purpose-built terminal optimised for low-cost carriers, like AirAsia in response to the exponential growth of low-cost travel in the region. It was built to replace the previous Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT). KLIA T2 began its operations on 2 May 2014, and all flight operations at LCCT were moved to KLIA T2 by 9 May 2014.[34][35]

Aircraft at Terminal 2

As part of its development, a third runway (Runway 15/33) and a new air traffic control tower (Tower West) were built to support its operation. KLIA T2 has an initial capacity of 45 million passengers per year. The terminal has a built-up area of 257,845 sqm with 68 departure gates, 10 remote stands, 80 aerobridges, includes a retail space of 32,000 sqm to accommodate a total of 220 retail outlets.[36] The main terminal building of KLIA T2 is connected with its satellite piers with a skybridge, making it the first airport in Asia with such facility.[37] KLIA T2 is certified with Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED).

Terminal 2 main lobby with self check-in kiosks

Check-in counters are divided into 8 rows located in 4 islands, each row identified by the letters S – Z. Boarding gates are located in 5 piers, indicated by the letters J and K for domestic flights, and L, P and Q for international flights. Piers J, K and L are connected directly to the main terminal building, while Piers P and Q are accessible via the skybridge. Piers K and L are physically the same pier and share the same gates, but with waiting lounges on different levels (Level 1A for K and Level 2 for L). For international flights, the access door from Pier K is sealed off, while for domestic flights, the access door from Pier L is sealed off instead.[38][39]

At present, inter-terminal connection is provided on the landside at Gateway@klia2 complex and there are provisions for future airside inter-terminal connection.[40]

Gateway@klia2

[edit]

Gateway@klia2 is an integrated shopping complex that is connected to the main KLIA T2 terminal building. It has a 350,000 square feet of net lettable space spanning over four levels. The transport hub at Gateway@klia2 links klia2 to the KLIA Ekspres and KLIA Transit service, with allotted pick-up and drop-off areas for coaches, taxis, rented vehicles and private transportation.[41]

Gateway@klia2 hosts an 8-storey car park that directly adjoins KLIA T2. There are 6,000 covered parking lots at Blocks A and B and another 5,500 lots at car park D (KLIA2 parking rate[42]). Shuttle buses are available to take the public from the car park D to the terminal.[43] The first capsule transit hotel in Asia, the Capsule by Container Hotel, is also located at Gateway@klia2. Gateway@klia2 is managed by WCT Holdings Berhad.[44]

Former Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT)

[edit]

The now defunct 36,000 square metres (390,000 sq ft) low cost carrier terminal (LCCT) was opened at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on 23 March 2006 to cater for the growing number of users of low-cost airlines, especially the passengers of Malaysia's "no-frills" airline AirAsia. The terminal was designed and built in accordance to the low cost carrier business model, with limited terminal amenities. As requested by the low-cost airlines, the terminal did not provide aerobridges, nor were there transfer facilities, rail connections, and the other facilities provided in a fully fledged terminal. LCCT was located within the Air Support Zone; it ceased operations on 9 May 2014, and all low-cost carrier flights subsequently operated out of KLIA T2.[45]

Future Expansion Plans

[edit]

Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad (MAHB) has announced plans to expand the Kuala Lumpur International Airport to accommodate the increasing number of air travelers. Transport Minister, Anthony Loke Siew Fook stated that the proposal includes increasing the capacity of KLIA Terminal 1 from 30 million passengers per annum (mppa) to 59 mppa and KLIA Terminal 2 from 45 mppa to 67 mppa. The expansion plan also considers constructing a fourth runway and a new Terminal 3 in the future.[46]

In addition to the long-term plans, short-term measures have been introduced to improve the passenger experience, such as the installation of self-check-in kiosks and the addition of 20 new immigration autogates. Furthermore, MAHB plans to build a Private Premium Terminal designed for passengers seeking premium services, offering expedited immigration and customs processes and accommodating up to 100 users at a time. This project is currently in the planning stage and is expected to begin in 2025.[46]

MAHB also aims to establish a Hajj and Umrah Terminal with a capacity of five mppa, specifically catering to Muslim pilgrims traveling to Saudi Arabia. This terminal would enable Saudi Arabia's immigration pre-clearance procedures to be conducted at KLIA, reducing waiting times at King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah. However, this development is contingent on approval from the Saudi Arabian government.[46]

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Passenger

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
9 Air Guiyang[47]
AirAsia Ahmedabad,[48] Alor Setar, Amritsar,[49] Balikpapan,[50] Banda Aceh,[51] Bandar Seri Begawan, Bangkok–Don Mueang, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar,[52] Bintulu, Chennai, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai,[53] Colombo–Bandaranaike, Da Lat,[54] Da Nang, Denpasar, Dhaka, Guangzhou,[55] Guilin,[56] Guwahati,[57] Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Jaipur,[48] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jieyang, Johor Bahru,[58] Kaohsiung,[59] Kochi, Kolkata, Kota Bharu, Kota Kinabalu, Kozhikode,[60] Krabi, Kuala Terengganu, Kuching, Kunming,[55] Labuan, Labuan Bajo,[61] Langkawi, Lucknow,[62] Lombok, Macau,[55] Makassar, Malé, Manila, Medan, Miri, Nanning, Nha Trang,[63] Ningbo,[64] Padang, Pattaya,[65] Pekanbaru, Penang, Perth,[66] Phnom Penh, Phuket, Phu Quoc,[63] Port Blair,[67] Quanzhou,[56] Sandakan, Shenzhen,[55] Sibu, Siem Reap,[68] Sihanoukville,[53] Singapore, Tawau, Thiruvananthapuram,[69] Tiruchirappalli, Vientiane,[70] Visakhapatnam,[71] Yogyakarta–International
AirAsia Cambodia Phnom Penh[72]
AirAsia X Almaty, Beijing–Daxing,[73] Chengdu–Tianfu,[56] Chongqing,[74] Delhi,[75] Denpasar,[76] Hangzhou,[55] Melbourne,[77] Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta,[78] Osaka–Kansai,[79] Perth,[77] Sapporo–Chitose, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong,[55] Sydney,[80] Taipei–Taoyuan,[81] Tokyo–Haneda, Xi'an[82]
Seasonal: Jeddah,[81] Kota Kinabalu,[83] Kuching[83]
Air Arabia Sharjah[84]
Air China Beijing–Capital, Chengdu–Tianfu[85]
Air India Delhi[86]
Air Macau Macau[87]
Air Mauritius Mauritius
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Batik Air Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta,[88] Medan[89]
Batik Air Malaysia Alor Setar,[90] Amritsar, Bangkok–Don Mueang, Batam,[91] Beijing–Daxing (begins 21 March 2025),[92] Bengaluru,[93] Bintulu,[94] Brisbane,[95] Changsha (begins 22 March 2025),[92] Chengdu–Tianfu,[96] Da Nang,[97] Delhi, Denpasar, Dhaka, Dubai–International,[98] Guangzhou,[99] Guiyang,[100] Haikou, Hanoi, Hat Yai,[101] Hong Kong,[102] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah,[103] Johor Bahru,[104] Kaohsiung,[105] Karachi,[106] Kathmandu, Kochi,[107] Kota Bharu,[108] Kota Kinabalu, Krabi,[101] Kuching, Kunming,[91] Lahore, Langkawi, Lombok,[109] Malé, Medan,[110] Medina, Melbourne,[111] Miri (resumes 14 January 2025),[94][112] Mumbai, Nagoya–Centrair,[113] Naha,[114] Penang, Perth, Phuket,[115] Qionghai,[116] Sandakan,[94] Seoul–Incheon,[117] Sibu,[118] Singapore, Surabaya,[119] Sydney,[120] Taipei–Taoyuan,[121] Tashkent,[122] Tawau,[118] Tiruchirappalli, Tokyo–Narita,[123] Zhangjiajie,[124] Zhengzhou[96]
Biman Bangladesh Airlines Dhaka
British Airways London–Heathrow (resumes 1 April 2025)[125]
Cambodia Airways Phnom Penh[126]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong[127]
Cebu Pacific Manila
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines Beijing–Daxing,[128] Hangzhou,[129] Kunming,[130] Nanjing,[131] Shanghai–Pudong, Wuhan,[132] Yantai[133]
China Southern Airlines Changsha,[134] Guangzhou, Shenzhen,[135] Zhengzhou[136]
Citilink Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Emirates Dubai–International
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa, Singapore[137]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan
Firefly Haikou,[138] Penang[139]
Garuda Indonesia Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Himalaya Airlines Kathmandu
IndiGo Bengaluru,[140] Chennai
Indonesia AirAsia Denpasar, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Lombok, Medan, Surabaya
Iraqi Airways Baghdad[141]
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Narita
Jetstar Asia Singapore[142]
KLM Amsterdam, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta[143]
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon
Loong Air Hangzhou[144]
Lucky Air Dali (begins 10 January 2025),[145] Lijiang[146]
Malaysia Airlines Adelaide, Ahmedabad,[147] Alor Setar, Amritsar,[148] Auckland, Balikpapan,[149] Bandung–Kertajati (resumes 2 January 2025),[150] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Daxing, Bengaluru, Bintulu, Chennai, Chiang Mai,[151] Colombo–Bandaranaike, Da Nang,[151] Delhi, Denpasar, Dhaka, Doha,[152] Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah, Johor Bahru,[153] Kathmandu, Kochi, Kolkata,[154] Kota Bharu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Terengganu, Kuantan, Kuching, Labuan, Langkawi, London–Heathrow, Makassar,[155] Malé,[151] Manila, Medan, Medina, Melbourne, Miri, Mumbai, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle (resumes 22 March 2025),[156] Pekanbaru, Penang, Perth, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Sandakan, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Sibu, Singapore, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tawau, Thiruvananthapuram,[147] Tokyo–Narita, Xiamen,[157] Yangon, Yogyakarta–International[158]
Myanmar Airways International Yangon
Nepal Airlines Kathmandu
Oman Air Muscat
Pakistan International Airlines Islamabad,[159] Lahore[citation needed]
Philippine AirlinesManila
Philippines AirAsiaManila (resumes 30 March 2025)[160]
Qatar Airways Doha
Qingdao Airlines Qingdao[161]
Royal Brunei Airlines Bandar Seri Begawan
Saudia Jeddah, Medina
Scoot Singapore
Shanghai Airlines Changchun,[162] Shanghai–Pudong,[163] Yuncheng[162]
Shenzhen Airlines Shenzhen
Sichuan Airlines Chengdu–Tianfu[164]
Singapore Airlines Singapore
SriLankan Airlines Colombo–Bandaranaike
Starlux Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan[165][166]
Super Air Jet Banda Aceh,[167] Padang,[168] Pekanbaru
Thai AirAsia Bangkok–Don Mueang, Hat Yai
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
TransNusa Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta[169]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul, Sydney[170]
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat[171]
US-Bangla Airlines Dhaka
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent
VietJet Air Hanoi,[172] Ho Chi Minh City[173]
Vietnam Airlines Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
XiamenAir Chongqing,[174] Fuzhou, Xiamen

Cargo

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Air Incheon Haikou, Seoul–Incheon
Cargolux Baku, Chicago–O'Hare, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Luxembourg, Singapore, Zhengzhou[175]
China Airlines Cargo Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan
FedEx Express Guangzhou, Penang
Hong Kong Air Cargo Hong Kong
Jingdong Airlines Shenzhen[176]
Korean Air Cargo Penang, Seoul–Incheon
MASkargo Amsterdam,[177] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[178] Bengaluru, Chennai, Chongqing,[179] Delhi,[178] Dhaka, Doha, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Guangzhou,[179] Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Labuan,[180] Macau, Manila, Mumbai, Penang, Shanghai–Pudong, Sibu, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita[181]
My Indo Airlines Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
MY Jet Xpress Airlines Chennai, Kota Kinabalu, Singapore
SF Airlines Shenzhen
Teleport
operated by AirAsia 		Hong Kong, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching[182]
Turkish Cargo Ho Chi Minh City, Istanbul[183]
UPS Airlines Penang,[184] Shenzhen
World Cargo Airlines Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Miri
YTO Cargo Airlines Hangzhou, Nanning

Statistics

[edit]
Annual passenger traffic at KUL airport. See Wikidata query.
Busiest international routes (2023)[185]
Rank Airport Passengers % change
2022/23
1 Singapore 3,601,340 Increase 52.0
2 Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta 1,892,344 Increase 113.0
3 Denpasar 1,370,621 Increase 140.7
4 Bangkok–Don Mueang 1,310,132 Increase 161.6
5 Taipei–Taoyuan 987,063 Increase 610.5
6 Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi 965,131 Increase 82.3
7 Ho Chi Minh City 861,760 Increase 102.2
8 Dhaka 859,679 Increase 52.5
9 Jeddah 771,174 Increase 38.9
10 Medan 769,006 Increase 146.1
11 Dubai–International 726,389 Increase 161.0
12 Hong Kong 704,699 Increase 575.1
13 Phuket 702,317 Increase 179.3
14 Manila 690,335 Increase 94.2
15 Seoul–Incheon 638,026 Increase 182.6
16 Guangzhou 622,384 Increase 1,583.3
17 Surabaya 609,261 Increase 156.2
18 Doha 606,041 Increase 31.4
19 Chennai 573,338 Increase 76.2
20 Perth 561,975 Increase 250.5
21 Sydney 545,376 Increase 142.1
22 Melbourne 534,425 Increase 117.9
23 Tokyo–Narita 482,519 Increase 115.6
24 Kathmandu 448,823 Increase 23.8
25 Delhi 424,349 Increase 119.7
26 Phnom Penh 387,576 Increase 100.1
27 Hanoi 380,280 Increase 215.7
28 Colombo 368,744 Increase 130.4
29 Tokyo–Haneda 365,818 Increase 830.1
30 London–Heathrow 362,392 Increase 40.5
31 Shanghai–Pudong 361,750 Increase 2,992.9
32 Tiruchirappalli 352,851 Increase 50.8
33 Istanbul 351,279 Increase 55.7
34 Da Nang 323,195 Increase 267.2
35 Osaka–Kansai 318,767 Increase 719.8
36 Medina 295,762 Increase 21.0
37 Bandar Seri Begawan 271,942 Increase 88.5
38 Kochi 264,586 Increase 158.1
39 Shenzhen 261,419 Increase 22,320.2
40 Pekanbaru 258,023 Increase 923.8
41 Mumbai 249,036 Increase 127.1
42 Padang 241,217 Increase 1,247.2
43 Auckland 228,205 Increase 185.3
44 Bengaluru 223,596 Increase 95.5
45 Abu Dhabi 223,566 Increase 43.5
46 Hyderabad 218,617 Increase 120.2
47 Krabi 214,838 Increase 358.0
48 Yogyakarta 210,533 Increase 493.5
49 Yangon 201,072 Increase 37.5
50 Muscat 185,340 Increase 95.8
Busiest domestic routes (2022)[186]
Rank Airport Passengers % change
2021/22
1 Sabah Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 2,171,604 Increase 306.6
2 Sarawak Kuching, Sarawak 1,756,964 Increase 489.2
3 Kedah Langkawi, Kedah 1,471,511 Increase 185.9
4 Penang Penang, Penang 1,044,895 Increase 480.0
5 Kelantan Kota Bharu, Kelantan 784,586 Increase 206.9
6 Sabah Tawau, Sabah 750,998 Increase 261.5
7 Sarawak Miri, Sarawak 528,918 Increase 503.9
8 Sarawak Sibu, Sarawak 493,929 Increase 594.4
9 Terengganu Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu 415,291 Increase 343.0
10 Johor Johor Bahru, Johor 337,289 Increase 439.6
Operational statistics of Kuala Lumpur International Airport[185]
Year Passengers
handled 		Passenger
% change 		Cargo
(tonnes) 		Cargo
% change 		Aircraft
movements 		Aircraft
% change
1998 6,524,405 Steady 156,641 Steady 64,123 Steady
1999 13,172,635 Increase 101.9 417,068 Increase 166.3 116,589 Increase 81.8
2000 14,732,876 Increase 11.8 510,594 Increase 22.4 109,925 Decrease 5.7
2001 14,538,831 Decrease 1.3 440,864 Decrease 13.6 113,590 Increase 3.3
2002 16,398,230 Increase 12.8 527,124 Increase 19.6 127,952 Increase 12.6
2003 17,454,564 Increase 6.4 586,195 Increase 11.2 139,947 Increase 9.4
2004 21,058,572 Increase 20.6 651,747 Increase 11.2 165,115 Increase 18.0
2005 23,213,926 Increase 10.2 653,654 Increase 0.3 182,537 Increase 10.5
2006 24,129,748 Increase 4.0 672,888 Increase 3.0 183,869 Increase 0.7
2007 26,453,379 Increase 9.6 644,100 Decrease 4.3 193,710 Increase 5.3
2008 27,529,355 Increase 4.1 649,077 Increase 0.8 211,228 Increase 9.0
2009 29,682,093 Increase 7.8 584,559 Decrease 10.0 226,751 Increase 7.3
2010 34,087,636 Increase 14.8 674,902 Increase 15.4 245,650 Increase 8.3
2011 37,704,510 Increase 10.6 669,849 Decrease 0.7 269,509 Increase 9.7
2012 39,887,866 Increase 5.8 673,107 Increase 0.5 283,352 Increase 5.1
2013 47,498,157 Increase 19.1 680,982 Increase 1.2 326,678 Increase 15.3
2014 48,930,409 Increase 3.0 753,899 Increase 10.7 340,821 Increase 4.3
2015 48,938,424 Steady 0.0 726,230 Decrease 3.7 354,519 Increase 4.0
2016 52,643,511 Increase 7.6 642,558 Decrease 11.5 356,614 Increase 0.6
2017 58,554,627 Increase 11.2 710,186 Increase 10.5 387,234 Increase 8.6
2018 59,988,409 Increase 2.4 714,669 Increase 0.6 399,827 Increase 3.3
2019 62,336,469 Increase 3.9 687,240 Decrease 3.8 407,315 Increase 2.1
2020 13,156,363 Decrease 78.9 505,183 Decrease 26.5 124,529 Decrease 69.4
2021 4,011,836 Decrease 69.5 660,039 Increase 30.7 73,673 Decrease 40.8
2022 25,399,296 Increase 533.1 684,459 Increase 3.7 198,302 Increase 169.2
2023 47,224,000 Increase 85.9 660,040 Decrease 3.6 319,026 Increase 60.9
Total passenger movements by countries (2018)[187]
Rank Country Passengers movement % change
2017 / 18
1  Indonesia 7,792,194 Increase 6.2
2 China 4,703,041 Increase 8.4
3  Thailand 4,212,887 Decrease 1.3
4  Singapore 4,097,000 Increase 0.3
5  India 3,250,736 Increase 7.7
6  Australia 2,343,155 Decrease 8.7
7  Vietnam 1,983,727 Increase 8.7
8  Hong Kong 1,580,320 Decrease 0.3
9  Japan 1,503,733 Increase 1.0
10  South Korea 1,302,689 Increase 32.2
Largest airlines by passengers (2018)[187]
Rank Airlines Passengers carried % market
share
1 AirAsia 22,749,737 37.9
2 Malaysia Airlines 13,403,931 22.3
3 AirAsia X 5,643,538 9.4
4 Malindo Air 4,438,320 7.4
5 Indonesia AirAsia 1,269,368 2.1
6 Emirates 861,235 1.4
7 Cathay Dragon 722,029 1.2
8 Saudia 565,768 0.9
9 SilkAir 565,158 0.9
10 Lion Air 534,406 0.9
Busiest international freight routes (2018)[187]
Rank Airport Freight
(tonnes)		 % change
2017 / 18
1 Hong Kong 50,378 Decrease 11.3
2 Taipei–Taoyuan 34,800 Increase 11.7
3 Seoul–Incheon 31,708 Increase 0.5
4 Shanghai–Pudong 30,394 Decrease 16.4
5 Singapore 29,711 Decrease 2.6
6 Tokyo–Narita 28,584 Increase 9.2
7 Doha 24,177 Decrease 5.9
8 Melbourne 23,818 Increase 3.8
9 Sydney 22,464 Increase 3.0
10 Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi 19,960 Increase 15.9

Ground transportation

[edit]

Inter-terminal transportation

[edit]
Aerotrain station in Satellite Building

The Aerotrain, currently out of service for repairs, is an automated people mover (APM) that connects the airside of KLIA Main Terminal Building (MTB) and the Satellite Building. Each 250-person capacity train can transport 3,000 passengers per hour in each direction at up to 56 km/h (35 mph). These three-car driverless trains run on elevated rail and under the taxiways. The journey takes under two minutes. The Aerotrain operates between three and five-minute intervals between terminal. Automatic train controls manage the operation of the entire Aerotrain system, controlling the speeds, headways, stops and door openings in stations, and integrating functions that enhance the reliability and performance of the system.[188]

No airside connection currently exists between the Main Terminal Building and Terminal 2; connecting passengers must clear Malaysian immigration and customs checks before taking a landside transportation option (Express Rail Link, bus or taxi).

External connections

[edit]

Rail

[edit]
Main articles: Express Rail Link, KLIA Ekspres, KLIA Transit, Kuala Lumpur International Airport ERL station, and klia2 ERL station

Kuala Lumpur International Airport is linked to the KL Sentral transportation hub in the city centre by the 57 km (35 mi) long Express Rail Link (ERL). There are two ERL stations at the airport: KLIA station at the Main Terminal Building and klia2 station at Gateway@klia2.

Bus

[edit]

Kuala Lumpur International Airport has bus terminals in both KLIA and KLIA2 building which serves local buses, city express and intercity express buses to various destination in Kuala Lumpur, Klang Valley and also various parts of Peninsular Malaysia, as well as shuttles between KLIA and KLIA2, terminals to Long Term Car Park and terminals to Mitsui Outlet Park. KLIA bus terminal is located on Ground Floor, Block C and KLIA 2 bus terminal is located on Level 1 of the terminal. Ticketing counters are present in the terminals.

Buses to the Kuala Lumpur city mainly goes to KL Sentral railway station and Integrated Southern Terminal bus terminal (TBS), both a prominent transport hub of Kuala Lumpur, as well as various other places like Pudu Sentral, Jalan Ipoh and Jalan Pekeliling Terminal. There are also buses to parts of other Klang Valley cities like Shah Alam (Section 17 terminal), Klang (AEON Bukit Tinggi) as well as Putra Heights LRT station. Popular providers are Aerobus, Airport Coach and Jetbus.

Intercity services are available to Penang, Ipoh, Yong Peng (central Johor), Johor Bahru, Malacca and Sitiawan (Perak). Local buses are also available to Nilai and Banting, with SmartSelangor free shuttle available to Banting, Tanjung Sepat and Salak Tinggi.

Car

[edit]

Kuala Lumpur International Airport is mainly served by tolless KLIA Expressway (Federal Route 26) which is an 11 kilometre direct road from KLIA Interchange of ELITE Expressway (E6) to both KLIA and KLIA2. The expressway also has connection to:

  • KLIA Outer Ring Road (Federal 27) to KLIA mosque and Sepang International Circuit
  • Labohan Dagang–Nilai Road (Federal 32) to Banting, Nilai and Salak Tinggi

The further end of the expressway leads to tolled ELITE Expressway, which connects it to the PLUS expressway networks (E1 North-South Expressway-North, E1 New Klang Valley Expressway and E2 North-South Expressway-South) which links to most of Klang Valley's major townships and further to Peninsular Malaysia's west coast states, to the extent of the border with Thailand and Singapore.

Expansion and developments

[edit]

Plans

[edit]
KLIA Aeropolis Masterplan

With the slight modification of the masterplan, the future Terminal 2's satellite terminal will be combined into one satellite terminal. The expansion of Terminal 2's satellite terminal will be exactly the same as Terminal 1's (the current Main Terminal) satellite terminal, where initially the satellite terminal will have four arms, and another four arms when the terminal reached its capacity. There is sufficient land and capacity to develop facilities to handle up to 97.5 million passengers a year, four runways by 2020 and two mega-terminals, each linked with satellite terminals.[7]

On 12 December 2024, Transport Minister, Anthony Loke Siew Fook announced that plans to expand KLIA are in the pipeline to cater for the increasing flight passengers. The proposal includes increasing the capacity of T1 from 30 million passengers per annum to 59 million and T2 from 45 million to 67 million. A fourth runway and a new terminal, T3 are also in consideration.[189]

Summary of Kuala Lumpur International Airport Masterplan
Phase Year Description
Phase 1 1998 Initial capacity of 25 million passengers per annum
2006 Capable of handling 35 million passengers per annum with the construction of Low Cost Carrier Terminal
Phase 2 2008 Expansion of Low Cost Carrier Terminal to accommodate 40 million passengers per annum
Phase 3 2011 New Low Cost Carrier Terminal will be constructed to accommodate additional 30 million (55 million) passengers per annum, Current Low Cost Carrier Terminal converted to cargo usage.
Not fixed Satellite Terminal B will be constructed to handle a maximum of 75 million passengers. (One terminal accompanied by 2 satellite terminal and one low-cost carrier terminal.)
Phase 4 Not fixed Terminal 2 and Satellite Terminal C will be constructed so that the airport can handle 97.5 million passengers.

A380 upgrades

[edit]

The operator of Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad, had spent about RM135 million (approx) to upgrade facilities at the KL International Airport (KLIA) in Sepang to accommodate the Airbus A380. KLIA is the only airport in Malaysia that accommodate the landing and take off of the A380. Upgrading works started on 3 April 2006, and was completed by 28 May 2007. Works include the provision of shoulders on both sides of the two existing runways of 15 meters as well as the taxiways, building additional aerobridges at the three departure halls, namely C17, C27 and C37, and enhancing the mezzanine lounges for upper deck passengers of the aircraft at the departure halls. Emirates is the only current operator of the Airbus A380 to Kuala Lumpur; its services commenced on 1 January 2012.[190] Malaysia Airlines started its A380 services from Kuala Lumpur to London on 1 July 2012 before retiring the aircraft type at the end of 2018.[191]

Panoramic view of Main Terminal Building and Contact Pier

Award and recognition

[edit]
KLIA Aeropolis Masterplan

On 22 November 2024, KLIA was awarded Large Airport of the Year 2024 by Centre for Aviation (CAPA) for its exceptional connectivity performance in view of the strong regional competition, commitment to the development of major infrastructure and flexibility in servicing both full-fledged and low-cost airlines.[192]

KLIA's Terminal 2 is voted 2024 best terminal for low-cost airlines in Southeast Asia and 7th overall in the world by Skytrax.[193]

See also

[edit]

References

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